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Source: www.epa.gov
Tags: Chromium
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Download PDF File Chromium Technical Factsheet . Acute: EPA has found chromium to potentially cause the following health …

Technical Factsheet on: CHROMIUM
List of Contaminants As part of the Drinking Water and Health pages, this fact sheet is part of a larger publication: National Primary Drinking Water Regulations Drinking Water Standards MCLG: 0.1 mg/l MCL: 0.1 mg/l HAL(child): 1- to 10-day: 1 mg/L; Longer-term: 0.2 mg/L Note: These standards are based on the total concentration of the trivalent and hexavalent forms of dissolved chromium (Cr3+ and Cr 6+). Health Effects Summary Acute: EPA has found chromium to potentially cause the following health effects from acute exposures at levels above the MCL: skin irritation or ulceration. Drinking water levels which are considered "safe" for short-term exposures: For a 10-kg (22 lb.) child consuming 1 liter of water per day, a one- to ten-day exposure to 1 mg/L; a longer-term (7 years) exposure to 0.2 mg/L. Chronic: Chromium has the potential to cause the following health effects from long-term exposures at levels above the MCL: damage to liver, kidney circulatory and nerve tissues; dermatitis. Cancer: There is no evidence that chromium in drinking water has the potential to cause cancer from lifetime exposures in drinking water. Usage Patterns Chromium and its compounds are used in metal alloys such as stainless steel; protective coatings on metal; magnetic tapes; and pigments for paints, cement, paper, rubber, composition floor covering and other materials. Other uses include: chemical intermediate for wood preservatives, organic chemical synthesis, photochemical processing and industrial water treatment. In medicine, chromium compounds are used in astringents and antiseptics. They also are used in cooling waters, and in the leather tanning industry, in catalytic manufacture, and in fungicides; as an algaecide against slime forming bacteria and yeasts in brewery processing water and brewery warmer water. Chromic acid consumption patterns in 1988: wood preserving, 63%; metal finishing, 22%; other, including water treatment, magnetic particles and catalysts, 7%; exports, 8%. Demand: 1987: 57,500 tons; 1988: 62,500 tons; 1992 (projected): 78,800 tons. Sodium Bichromate consumption patterns in 1988: chromic acid, 54%; leather tanning, 9%; chromium oxide, 9%; pigments, 8%; wood preservation, 5%; other, including drilling muds, catalysts, water treatment, metal finishing, 5%; exports, 10%. Demand: 1987: 150,000 tons; 1988: 164,000 tons; 1992 (projected): 180,000 tons Release Patterns

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